Efficacy of Different Modes of Fractional CO2 Laser in the Treatment of Primary Cutaneous Amyloidosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background:

Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) comprises three main forms: macular, lichen, and nodular amyloidosis. The current available treatments are quite disappointing.

Objectives:

Assess and compare the clinical and histological changes induced by different modes of Fractional CO₂ laser in treatment of PCA.

Patients and Methods:

Twenty five patients with PCA (16 macular and 9 lichen amyloidosis) were treated by fractional CO₂ using; superficial ablation (area A) and deep rejuvenation (area B). Each patient received 4 sessions with 4 weeks intervals. Skin biopsies were obtained from all patients at baseline and one month after the last session. Patients were assessed clinically and histologically (Congo red staining, polarized light). Patients were followed-up for 3 months after treatment.

Results:

Both modes yielded significant reduction of pigmentation, thickness, itching, and amyloid deposits (P-value 0.001). However, the percentage of reduction of pigmentation was significantly higher in area A (P-value = 0.003). Pain was significantly higher in area B. Significant reduction in dermal amyloid deposits denotes their trans-epidermal elimination induced by fractional photothermolysis.

Conclusion:

Both superficial and deep modes of fractional CO₂ laser showed comparable efficacy in treatment of PCA. Superficial mode being better tolerated by patients, is recommended as a valid therapeutic option.