Role of biomarkers in early diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiac amyloidosis is characterized by amyloid fibril deposition in the heart, leading to restrictive cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Early diagnosis and monitoring are crucial for effective management. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the utility of various biomarkers in the early detection, disease progression, and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis.

We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies published between 2000 and 2024 that assessed the diagnostic and prognostic value of biomarkers in cardiac amyloidosis. Data were extracted and analyzed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and prognostic significance of each biomarker. The correlation between biomarker levels and imaging findings was also explored.

A total of 45 studies were included in the meta-analysis. NT-proBNP and troponins had high sensitivity and specificity for early diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. Novel biomarkers, such as serum amyloid P component and light-chain assays, showed promise in distinguishing between amyloidosis subtypes and predicting disease progression. However, significant variability existed in the correlation between biomarkers and imaging findings.

Biomarkers are crucial for early diagnosis and prognosis of cardiac amyloidosis. NT-proBNP and troponins are well-established markers, while novel biomarkers offer additional insights into disease progression and subtype differentiation.