Understanding Light Chain Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis refers to several different types of diseases where abnormal proteins are produced. These protein fibers can attach and deposit into organs, tissues, nerves, and other places in the body, which affects normal function of the area. As the amyloid protein increases, health problems and organ damage may occur. When amyloid clusters gather, they can travel to several places throughout the body (systemic) or remain confined in one specific area (localized). The various types of amyloidosis have different treatment courses; therefore, the correct diagnosis is extremely important.

In the United States, light chain, or AL, amyloidosis is the most common type, with approximately 4,500 new cases diagnosed each year. It usually affects individuals between 50 and 80 years old. AL amyloidosis is caused by a bone marrow disorder. The marrow in the center of bones produces cells in the blood system, including plasma cells. In AL amyloidosis, these plasma cells produce an abnormal antibody, immunoglobulin protein.